Birkenhead HMSBack to Historical Ships
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HMS Birkenhead, also referred to as HM Troopship Birkenhead or Steam Frigate Birkenhead, was one of the first iron-hulled ships built for the Royal Navy. Launched in 1848.
The Birkenhead was a British iron paddle steamer built by John Laird Sons & Company and launched in 1845. It was initially intended for civilian use, but in 1846, it was purchased by the British Admiralty and converted into a troopship for the Royal Navy.
On February 26, 1852, while en route from England to Algoa Bay (now Port Elizabeth), the Birkenhead struck an uncharted rock near Danger Point, close to Cape Town, South Africa. The impact caused a large hole in the ship’s hull, leading to a rapid flooding of the compartments.
Amid the chaos, the commanding officer, Captain Robert Salmond, ordered the troops and crew to assemble on deck, forming orderly lines. The women and children were given priority to evacuate in the ship’s few lifeboats. This act of discipline and courage became famous for the “women and children first” principle.
Unfortunately, the Birkenhead’s fate was sealed, and it sank within twenty minutes of striking the rock. The majority of the soldiers and crew aboard perished due to the lack of lifeboats and the treacherous conditions.
The sinking of the Birkenhead gained widespread attention and became a legendary example of sacrifice and heroism in the face of disaster. It served as an inspiration for future maritime safety procedures and influenced the development of international maritime law.
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